Chapter 2: First Civilizations
One of the great impacts of the agriculture is the emergence of human civilization. Agriculture provides a solid foundation for the development of human civilization. In order to understand this concept, we have to define What is “civilization” actually means? According to the book, “ civilization” represents a new and particular type of human society, made possible by the productivity of the Agricultural revolution. Such societies encompassed far larger populations than any earlier forms of human community.”(62) From this information, we can tell that “civilization” is a new and particular form of human society that has a far larger population than any earlier human communities. Because the agriculture provides enough food and a stable environment for us to settle down and grow together as a community, we started to form much larger communities. As a result, the earlier civilizations was born around 3500 B.C.E to 3000 B.C.E. in three places. There are Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Norte Chico civilizations. Following these three early human societies, more and more similar civilizations were slowly developed over time.
Along with the development of human civilizations, the concept of the Hierarchies of class and Hierarchies of gender started to grow and has been following us until today. Based on the book that, “ As the First Civilization took shape, inequality and hierarchy soon came to be regarded as normal and natural.” Even though in the early civilizations, the inequality already existed. Upper-class people still the wealthy people who own mang lands and has the ability to avoid physical labor. They basically have the finest of everything as the class people today all around the world. The book also says that “ The patriarchal ideal regarded men as superior to women and sons preferable to daughters.” which means, men were seeing more important than women and they have power over the women. This idea also follows us until today, many societies still using this standard to promote the gender inequality. From these two points of view, human civilization has not changed that much over thousands of years.
Along with the development of human civilizations, the concept of the Hierarchies of class and Hierarchies of gender started to grow and has been following us until today. Based on the book that, “ As the First Civilization took shape, inequality and hierarchy soon came to be regarded as normal and natural.” Even though in the early civilizations, the inequality already existed. Upper-class people still the wealthy people who own mang lands and has the ability to avoid physical labor. They basically have the finest of everything as the class people today all around the world. The book also says that “ The patriarchal ideal regarded men as superior to women and sons preferable to daughters.” which means, men were seeing more important than women and they have power over the women. This idea also follows us until today, many societies still using this standard to promote the gender inequality. From these two points of view, human civilization has not changed that much over thousands of years.
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